Using socket() and bind() [basic transmission questions]

Python
1

What I’m trying to do is use the ConnectPortX gateway to set up a network with two additional endpoints. I simply want to discover the two devices and send them an 8 bit command.

I’m looking through the zb_ex4_disc.py and zb_ex2_rw.py example files and trying to make sense of their code so I can manipulate it to suit my demo application.

I understand most of ex4_disc, in that it simply gives me a two variable array with the nodes and its respective data. The print part is helpful but the list is really what I need.

So I assume that at this point I have enough information to send out data, I have the short and long addresses for my zigbee radios. So moving on to ex2_rw, and the stuff I don’t completely understand; sockets. I was trying to read some basic stuff about Python and sockets but it was a bit over my head with TCP/UDP and that or it wasn’t transparent/evident enough what the code was doing. Now, first the code creates a socket:
sd = socket(‘’,‘’,‘’)

Now I would assume I have to do this for each endpoint:
ep1= socket(‘’,‘’,‘’)
ep2= socket(‘’,‘’,‘’)

Now comes the part that I don’t get
sd.bind((“”,0xe8,0,0))

I haven’t really figured out what relevance ‘bind’ has, does it send the end address 0xe8 to the socket I’ve created? So that in my code it would be something like:
ep1.bind((“”,ep1_short_address,0,0))?

The last part of the example code is:
sd.sendto(data, 0, src_addr)

Now data will obviously be my 8 bit code, the 0 is for non-blocking but the problem I have is with src_addr. When looking at the Digi Python handbook I see that the command sendto() the tuple addr format is (addr_string, endpoint, profile_id, cluster_id) and the node class itself contains: type, addr_extend, addr_short, addr_parent,profile_id,manufact_id,label) so my question would be, can I pass just addr_short to it or should I pass everything it wants? Something like:
ep1.sendto(8bit,0,0x34)?

Or should I set up a ep1_addr = [node.addr_string,0x34,node.profile_id,node.cluster_id]

and call ep1.sendto(8bit,0,ep1_addr) ?

Thanks in advance.
Mike

2

I don’t know if you have figured out your issue yet (I hope so), but I am in about the same place and thought I would share what works for me. I have the endpoint configured with a loop back connector, so that what I send to it gets echoed back. I have also connected a terminal at the endpoint and verified that “Hello, World!” is really being sent out of the remote serial port.

I loaded the embedded_kit_gateway.zip library and zigbee.py on my ConnectPort X2 and then wrote my own test.py file and downloaded it as well. I then telnetted to the ConnectPort and typed in “py Test.py” to execute my test. The result was a display of all of my Zigbee nodes, followed by “Hello, World!” followed by “All Done Now”.

Test.py is as follows:

import sys

sys.path.append(“WEB/python/embedded_kit_gateway.zip”)

import zigbee

from socket import *

try:

#
# Perform a node discovery and print out
# the list of discovered nodes to stdio.
#

node_list = zigbee.getnodelist()

# Print the table:
print "%12s %12s %8s %24s" % \
("Label", "Type", "Short", "Extended")
print "%12s %12s %8s %24s" % \
("-" * 12, "-" * 12, "-" * 8, "-" * 24)
for node in node_list:
	print "%12s %12s %8s %12s" % \
	(node.label, node.type, \
	node.addr_short, node.addr_extended)

# Use a discovered addresses as endpoint:
DESTINATION=("00:13:a2:00:40:52:a1:c2!", \
0xe8, 0xc105, 0x11)

# Create the socket, proprietary transport:
sd = socket(AF_ZIGBEE, SOCK_DGRAM, ZBS_PROT_TRANSPORT)

# Bind to endpoint 0xe8 (232):
sd.bind(("", 0xe8, 0, 0))

# Send "Hello, World!" to the endpoint,
# using profile_id and cluster_id specified in
# DESTINATION:
sd.sendto("Hello, World!", 0, DESTINATION)	    
response,src_addr=sd.recvfrom(72)
print response
print "All Done Now"

except Exception, e:
print e

For the most part, this code was pulled from the Digi Python Programming Guide, so I can take no credit for it, but it was not clear to me that I needed embedded_kit_gateway.zip or that I needed to extend the path to it to make things work.

I am now trying to figure out how to_socket_addr() is used so that I do not need to hard code the DESTINATION.

If anyone has an example of the usage of to_socket_addr() I would be very thankful.

Jay

3

Hello World!

Here is another new xbee user having problems with bind() and basic transmissions. I have tried simply telnetting the gateway and driving simple python code which attempts to send message to a xbee board with a loopback tester connected to it. The code is as follows:

include the sockets module into the namespace:

import zigbee
from socket import *
print 0
DESTINATION = (“00:13:a2:00:40:34:1a:88!”,
0xe8, 0xc105, 0x11)
print 1

Create the socket, datagram mode, proprietary transport:

sd = socket(AF_ZIGBEE, SOCK_DGRAM, ZBS_PROT_TRANSPORT)
print 2

Bind to endpoint 0xe8 (232):

sd.bind((“”, 0xe8, 0, 0))
print 3
sd.sendto(“Hello”, 0, DESTINATION)
print 4

Block until a single frame is received, up to 72 bytes:

response, src_addr = sd.recvfrom(72)
print 5
print response

Telnet says:

0
1
2
Traceback :
File “”, line 21, in ?
File “”, line 1, in bind
socket.error: <22, ‘Invalid argument’>

(line 21 is “sd.bind((”“, 0xe8, 0, 0))” )

If I delete the line 21 Telnet says:

0
1
2
3
Traceback :
File “”, line 24, in ?
socket.error: <9, ‘Bad file number’>

(line 24 is “sd.sendto(“Hello”, 0, DESTINATION)” )

Since the code is very close to the example one, I have no idea what could be wrong. Does anyone have hints for me what I am doing wrong? The gateway sees the 00:13:a2:00:40:34:1a:88! as a router in the Xbee network.

For 00:13:a2:00:40:34:1a:88! (radio module in Rs232 interface board) in the X-CTU there is
Modem: XB24-B
Function Set: Zigbee Router/END DEVICE AT
Version: 1220

Gateway is
X8 Gateway
Firmware: 0x1142

I have uploaded python.zip to the gateway. I also did go trough the link posted above but I didnt find help there.

I appreciate any help or hints, Thanks!

-Matalalento-

4

here’s an example of to_socket_addr. It gets the node list and sends a message to all the routers.

sd = socket(AF_ZIGBEE, SOCK_DGRAM, ZBS_PROT_TRANSPORT)

Bind to endpoint 0xe8 (232):

sd.bind((“”, 0xe8, 0, 0))

Perform a node discovery:

node_list = zigbee.getnodelist()

for node in node_list:
if node.type == “router”:
print “Yay we found a router!!”
dest = node.to_socket_addr()
print “dest is:”
print dest
print “sending data to router.”
x = sd.sendto(“Hello, router!”, 0, dest)
print “bytes sent:”
print x

5

I’ve got ConnectPort and XbeePro USB module. After executing aboce script I was hoping to get “Hello world” in X-CTU terminal, but I didn’t get anything.

Q: How to do that and how to receice response?

6

Hi Kafka,

You may want to start at some of the basic XBee network on the Wiki:

http://www.digi.com/wiki/developer/index.php/ZigBee_Extensions_to_the_Python_socket_API

They should help guide you through the send and receive functionality.

7

Start by confirming that no other Python scripts are running in the system, potentially bound to the same endpoint. The units ship from the factory with a sample script installed. From the Digi CLI, you can execute the “set python” command to determine whether any scripts are enabled to auto-start, and to disable them if they are. A reboot is recommended after changing the “set python” configuration.

8

Hey again and thank you for the quick response! There was zb_tcp_serial.py running on gateway by default. I turned it off and now this problem got solved. Thanks again!

-Matalalento-